موسسه آموزشی فرهنگی نسل نو اندیش

can / could / have to

نكته
Can 1- can توانايي در زمان حال را بيان مي كند.
2- بعد از can شكل ساده فعل قرار مي گيرد.

1) Can John………here by lunch time?
a) got
b) get
c) gets
d) getting

نكته
could
توانايي در زمان گذشته رابيان مي كند.
و بعد از آن شكل ساده فعل قرار مي گيرد.

1)I can swim very well , but I ……. swim very well before .
a) can’t
b ) shouldn’t
c) couldn’t
d) mustn’t
2) All the students could ……….. the questions easily yesterday.
a) answers
b) answer
c) to answer
d) answering
3) Could you.…..English 4 years ago ?
a) wrote
b) to write
c) writing
d) write
4) He couldn’t…………....how jet engines work.
a) explains
b) explain
c) to explain
d) explaining

نكته
( have to , has to )
اجبار در زمان حال را بيان مي كند و بعد از آن شكل ساده فعل قرار مي گيرد

1) I have to …. an appointment with the dentist.
a)makes
b) make
c) to make
d) making
2) Does she … speak French in her job ?
a) has to
b) had to
c) have to
d ) can
3) She has to…….….her lessons carefully.
a) study
b) studied
c) to study
d) studying
4) Does John..…help his mother at home?
a) have to
b) has to
c) had to
d) can

نكته
“مجبور بودن had to ”
اجبار در زمان گذشته را بيان مي كند. وگذشته has to , have to مي باشد وبعد از آن بايد شكل ساده فعل قرار داد.

1)They didn’t know the address. They …. ask a policeman.
a) have to
b ) can
c) had to
d ) has to
2) Reza was late for class. He… see the teacher.
a) has to
b) can
c) should
d) had to
3) The old man was sick. He had to …..…. the doctor.
a) saw
b) see
c) sees
d) seen
4) I had to……..for her for three hours yesterday.
a) wait
b) waiting
c) waited
d) waits

نكته
“should” كاربرد
بايد اخلاقي و اجتماعي است. و بعد از آن شكل ساده فعل قرار مي گيرد.

1) We have a test at 7 o'clock. We … get up early.
a) should
b) could
c) had to
d) has to
2) They don’t know the address. They should …. a policeman.
a) asks
b) to ask
c) asked
d) ask

3) You like to learn English. You should… hard.
a) studied
b) to study
c) study
d) studying
4)The student wants to understand the question. He should ……...carefully.
a) listened
b) to listen
c) listening
d) listen

نكته as ….. asصفت تساوي
اگر دو شخص و يا دو شيئي صفتي را بطوريكسان و برابر داشته باشند ازساختار صفت تساوي استفاده مي كنيم.
as صفت as

1)My handwriting is as……. as my sister’s hand writing.
a) better
b) good
c) well
d) best
2) This story book is ….that one.
a) more interesting
b) as interesting as
c) The most interesting
d) interesting
3) Her voice is as …….as mine.
a) better
b) good
c) well
d) best
4) This house is ….……that one.
a) bigger
b) biggest
c) as big as
d) big

نكته صفت تفضيلي ( برتر )
اين صفت برتري يك شخص و يا يك شيئي را نسبت به يك شخص و يا يك شيئي ديگر بيان مي كند.
صفت يك بخشي +
er + than

1)John is ……. than his sister.
a)Old
b) as old as
c) older
d) the oldest
2) The woman is ….. the man.
1)younger
b) the youngest
c) young
d) younger than

3) The car is …..…..the bus.
a)newer
b) the newest
c) new
d) newer than

4) The dictionary is…..the book.
a)larger than
b) the largest
c) large
d) larger

نكته
صفت تفضيلي ( برتر )
اگر صفت چند بخشي باشد از اين ساختار استفاده مي كنيم :
صفت چند بخشي+
more+than

1)This problem is……..…than that problem.
a) more expensive
b) expensive
c) as expensive as
d) the most expensive

2)This garden is…than his garden.
a) beautiful
b) as beautiful as
c) more beautifully
d) more beautiful

3) A chair is ………than a bench.
a) comfortable
b) as comfortable as
c) more comfortably
d) more comfortable

4) A watch is ……..than a pen.
a) expensive
b) as expensive as
c) more expensive
d) more expensively

نكته
صفت عالي ( ترين )
ايـن صفت بـرتـري يك شخص و يـا يك شيئي را نسبت به چند شخص و يا چند شيئي بيـان مي كند. اگر صفت يك بخشي باشد از ايـن فرمول استفاده مي كنيم.
the+
صفت يك بخشي+
est

1) January is …. month of the year.
a) colder than
b) as cold as
c) the coldest
d) coldest

2) John is ….boy in his family.
a) shorter
b) the shortest
c) as shorter as
d) shortest

3) This art gallery is………..one in our city.
a) old
b) older than
c) the oldest
d) as old as

4) This chapter is ……..one in this book.
a) the easiest
b) as easy as
c) easier than
d) easy

... صفت عالي / صفت تفضيلي

نكته صفت عالي
ترين
اگر صفت چند بخشي باشد در صفت عالي از فرمول زير استفاده مي شود.
the + most
+صفت چند بخشي

1)This chair is ….chair in the whole house.
a) comfortable
b) more comfortable
c) the most comfortable
d) as comfortable as

2) This park is … park in their city.
a) the most beautiful
b) more beautiful
c) beautiful
d) as beautiful as

3)This story is….story in the book
a) the most difficult
b) difficult
c) as difficult as
d) more difficult

4)This lesson is …………lesson in our book.
a) the most important
b) important
c) more important
d) as important as

نكته
(good-better-best) صفت تفضيلي و عالي در صفت
good
بصورت زير است :
(good-better-best)

1)The lunch was…... than the breakfast.
a) good
b) better

c) as good as
d) best
2) Mary is…student in her class.
a) the best
b) better
c) good
d) as good as

3) It is ………story book that I’ve ever read.
a) best
b) worse
c) better than
d) the worst

4) This is…..school in this city.
a) best
b) the best
c) better
d) good

نكته
(bad - worse - worst) صفت تفضيلي و عالي در صفت
bad
بصورت زير است :
(bad – worse - worst)

‎‎1)Your handwriting is ..… my handwriting.
a) bad
b) worse than
c) the worst
d) as badly as

2) I can’t read what John has written.He has the.…handwriting in the class.
a) best
b) least
c) most
d) worst

3) This is……....story book that I have ever read.
a) the worst
b) bad
c) worst
d) worse than

4) I didn’t like the dinner. It was ………….one.
a) the worst
b) bad
c) worst
d) worse than

نكته
much
more – most
many
صفت تفصيلي وعالي
Much
,
many
بصورت زير است
more – most

1)Reza has…. book than his friends.
a) much
b) many
c) more
d) the most

2) Mary has…. Friends of all.
a) more
b) the most
c) much
d) many

3) An armchair is…..comfortable of all.
a) the most
b) more
c) much
d) many

4) Tehran is…….important city in Iran.
a) more
b) much
c) most
d) the most

نكته
« ترتيب قرار گرفتن كلمات در يك جمله » براي ساختن يك جمله انگليسي بصورت زيرعمل مي كنيم.
( قيدزمان+ قيد مكان+ قيدحالت+ (مفعول)+ فعل+ فاعل )
قيد تكرار
usually - always
... بعد از فاعل و فعل كمكي و قبل از فعل اصلي قرار مي گيرد

1) Ali ate ………………
a) quickly the sandwich over there.
b) quickly over there the sandwich.
c) the sandwich quickly over there.
d) the sandwich over there quickly.
2)Does...his homework carefully?
a) always he do
b) always do he
c) he do always
d) he always do
3) The teacher………………
a) taught the lesson carefully yesterday.
b) taught the lesson yesterday carefully.
c) the lesson taught carefully yesterday.
d) yesterday taught carefully the lesson.
4)The old man was walking………
a) slowly in the park this morning.
b) in the park slowly this morning.
c) slowly this morning in the park.
d) this morning slowly in the park.

نكته
“ Question Tag ”
سوالي كوتاه
براي ساختن سوالي كوتاه
1- اگر جمله مثبت باشد ، سوالي كوتــــاه منفي مي شود و بالعكس
2- اگر در جمله فعل كمكي وجود داشت از خود ايـن
افعال كمكي استفاده مي شود در غير اينصورت از do ؛ does
براي زمان حال does , do استفاده ميشود.
وبراي گذشته از did
استفاده مي شود.
3- بجاي اسم از ضميــر فـاعلي منـاسب استفـــاده مي كنيم.

1) Reza spoke to the teacher yesterday morning,…. ?
a) didn’t he
b) did he
c) did Reza
d) didn’t Reza
2) I never write my homework with a pencil , ……..?
a) don’t you
b ) do you
c) don’t I
d ) do I
3) The teacher speaks English fast,……..?
a) didn’t he
b ) does he
c) did he
d ) doesn’t he
4) Parvin was running in the yard,…….?
a) wasn’t she
b ) was she
c) did she
d ) does she

« دو نكته در مورد سوالي كوتاه »
در جملات شرطي سوالي كـوتـاه را بــر مبنــــاي يا « جواب شرط » مي سازيم.

نكته
rarely Seldom Hardly قيــد تكــرار نيمــــه منفي ماننـــد مئارد فوق را كاملا منفي فرض مي كنيم پس سوالي كوتاه را مثبت مي سازيم.

1) If she comes here, she will see her sister , …. ?
a) doesn’t she
b) does she
c) won’t she
d) will she
2) The man can hardly walk , …?
a) can’t he
b) can he
c) can’t the man
d) can the man
3) If you came,he would study,…?
a) didn’t you
b) wouldn’t you
c) wouldn’t he
d) didn’t he
4) If he didn’t eat too much, he wouldn’t be so fat,……..?
a) would he
b) did he
c) didn’t he
d) wouldn’t he

نكته
جملاتي كـــه بــــا
nobody- everybody
someone و ....
شروع شوند در سوالي كوتــــاه از ضمير فاعلي
“ they”
استفاده مي شود

1) I’m a teacher , ….. ?
a) am not I
b) am I
c) aren’t I
d) are you
2) Nobody phoned while I was out , … ?
a) did they
b) didn’t they
c) didn’t he
d) doesn’t he
3) Everybody attended the meeting,……..?
a) didn’t they
b) doesn’t he
c) did they
d) didn’t he
4) Somebody borrowed my coat yesterday,……..?
a) don’t they
b) didn’t they
c) did they
d) do they

نكته
« سوالي كوتاه »
set زيــرا اگر زمان حال بـود در تست شماره 1 زمان گذشتــه مي باشد
“s”
سـوم شخص مفـرد مي گرفت used to
عادتي است درزمان گذشته كه اكنون تـرك شـده است پس در
سوالي كوتاه از فعل كمكي
Did
استفاده مي كنيم.

1)She set the table for lunch,..?
a) does she
b) doesn’t she
c ) did she
d) didn’t she
2) She used to be a good tennis player , … ?
a) did she
b) didn’t she
c) does she
d) doesn’t she
3) John read the story from beginning to the end,…….?
a) doesn’t he
b) does he
c) didn’t he
d) did he
4) Mary put on her warm clothes,…?
a) doesn’t she
b) didn’t she
c) does she
d) did she

نكته
« سوالي كوتاه »
people – crowd – the police
اسم
جمع مي باشند و در سوالي كوتــاه از ضميــر فاعلي
They
استفاده مي كنيم.

1)The police never found the money stolen in the robbery,...?
a) didn’t he
b) did he
c) didn’t they
d) did they
2) People usually don’t like being in crowded places ,…?
a) do they
b) don’t they
c) does he
d) doesn’t he
3) The crowd attended the meeting eagerly ,……..?
a) don’t they
b) do they
c) didn’t they
d) did they

نكته
“ passive case”
وجه مجهول
براي مجهول كردن يك جمله معلوم
1- مفعول را به اول جمله و بجاي فاعل قرار مي دهيم.
مناسب با زمان جمله را اضافه مي كنيم. to be2- فعل
3- قسمت سوم فعل را اضافه مي كنيم
توجـــــه
فاعل جمله را ميتوان باحرف اضافه
by
آخر جمله اضافه كنيم.

1) A:“Did you clean the room ?”
B : “ No , it …. tomorrow.”
a) will clean
b) cleans
c) will be cleaned d) is cleaning
2) The films……in this building on Mondays.
a) show
b) are shown
c) were shown
d) are showing
3) The English language……in a lot of countries nowadays.
a) is speaking
b) has spoken
c) is spoken
d) was speaking
4) When I was very small I……… in the park one afternoon.
a) had lost
b) have lost
c) lost
d) was lost

...be / were / still

نكته
در جملات آرزو
Be
بصورت
Were
بكار مي رود.

1) I wish you …..in Paris.
a) was
b) had been
c) were
d) have been
2) I wish we ……..all in Paris.
a) were
b) had been
c) have been
d) would be
3) I wish I ……………rich.
a) was
b) were
c) have been
d) would be
4) I wish I ………..in her party.
a) have been
b) were
c) was
d) be

نكته
Let , make , have
اگر به معني وادار كردن بكار روند بعد از آنها فعل بدون
To
بكار مي رود.

1) We………him go yesterday.
a) are making
b) have made
c) make
d) made
2) Mrs.Smith had her daughter... her room.
a) clean
b) to clean
c) cleaned
d) cleaning
3) Don’t let your child ……..with matches.
a) playing
b) to play
c) play
d) played
4) My father’s just had his operation and they won’t let me……..him yet.
a) see
b) saw
c) to see
d) seeing

نكته
Still
Still
در وسط جمله قبل از افعال غير كمكي وكمكي منفي و بعد از افعال كمكي بكار مي رود

1) She….can’t speak Japanese.
a) yet
b) still
c) already
d) anymore
2)John…doesn’t play the piano.
a) Still
b) yet
c) already
d) anymore.
3) Will you ……...be here when I get back ?
a) yet
b) already
c) still
d) anymore.
4) Do you ……..live in London?
a) still
b) yet
c) already
d) any longer.

نكته
( قبلا ) already
already
زمان زودتر از انتظار را نشــان مي دهدو
براي نشان دادن يك وضعيت مثبت بكـــار مي رود و مي تواند در انتها يا در وسط قرار گيرد.

1) They knew the answer……
a) yet
b) since
c) already
d) for
2) She’s…..here . I wasn’t expecting her till ten.
a) yet
b) since
c) already
d) for
3) She’s had.…left when I phoned.
a) already
b) yet
c) for
d) since

نكته
Adverbs
قيود
قيد كلمه اي است كه فعل ، صفت و قيــد ديگري را تعريف مي نمايد.

1) She speaks English very……
a) quickly
b) quick
c) slow
d) good
2) She runs…………
a) slow
b) quick
c) slowly
d) good
3) You’re ……out of your mind.
a) complete
b) completely
c) slow
d) quick
4) He plays…………….
a) wonderfully
b) wonderful
c) complete
d) terrible

نكته
( ضماير انعكاسي)
Reflexive pronouns
وقتي فاعل و مفعول جمله اي يكي باشند از ضمايـر انعكاسي استفاده مي شود.

1) I see …….. In the mirror.
a) herself
b) myself
c) themselves
d) himself
2) John cut…….when he was working in the kitchen.
a) herself
b) himself
c) myself
d) themselves
3) She was talking to………
a) her
b) she
c) it
d) herself
4) Talking to………….is the first sign of madness.
a) yourself
b) you
c) she
d) he

نكته
( اگر چه )
Although
براي بيـان دو موضـــوع مخالف هم بكار مي رود

1) ……the traffic held us up,we got to the airport on time.
a) If
b) Whether
c) Because
d) Although
2) I forgot my appointment……. my secretary reminded me of it.
a) If
b) although
c) because
d) whether
3) They’re a nice family,………I don’t like David much.
a) If
b) because
c) although
d) whether
4) I'd like to go out, ……. it is a bit late.
a) If
b) whether
c) because
d) although

نكته
مگر اينكه ، مگر
Unless
Unless
بجاي
If …. Not
بكار مي رود.

1) John will buy a new bicycle….. he can fix his old one today.
a) unless
b) if
c) whenever
d) but
2) John will stay home……..the weather is nice.
a) if
b) because
c) whether
d) unless
3) Come tomorrow …... I phone.
a) if
b) whether
c) unless
d) but
4) Let’s have dinner out…… you’re too tired.
a) unless
b) if
c) because
d) but

    

... ماضي ساده / ماضي بعيد

نكته
زمان گذشته سا ده
Simple Past Tense
اين زمان براي بيان عملي است كه در وقت مشخص در گذشته آغاز شده باشد و پايان يافته باشد.

 

1) The plane .... Shiraz last night at midnight.
a) leave
b) leaves
c) left
d) have left
2)We…our dinner half an hour ago.
a) finishes
b) were finished
c) had finished
d) finished
3) Yesterday I……to the library to borrow a book.
a) went
b) go
c) am going
d) to go
4) He went to the restaurant and …………some food.
a) order
b) ordered
c) to order
d) orders

نكته
ماضي بعيد
اين زمان براي بيان عملي است كه درزمان گذشته وقبل از يك عمل ديگر به وقوع پيوسته باشد كه اولين عمل را بـــه ماضي بعيد و دومين عمل را به گذشته ساده مي نويسيم :

1) John passed the exam because he…….enough before taking it.
a) had studied
b) has studied
c) would study
d) was studying
2) I ……..the rooms before they arrived.
a) cleaned
b) had cleaned
c) cleaning
d) have cleaned
3) The lady…..the dinner before her husband arrived.
a) will cook
b) had cooked
c) would cook
d) has cooked
4) The guests left after they…… lunch.
a) have eaten
b) eat
c) ate
d) had eaten

نكته
زمان آينده ساده
Simple Future Tense
اين زمان براي بيان عملي است كه در وقت مشخص در آينده به وقوع خواهد پيوست.

 

1)She...her grandfather tomorrow.
a) meet
b) will meet
c) met
d) meets
2) My friend…… with us this coming week - end.
a) will stay
b) stayed
c) had stayed
d) stays
3) Next month Jane……twenty three.
a) have
b) will be
c) has
d) is having
4) we …………….a good scientific program on T.V tomorrow evening.
a) watched
b) had watched
c) watch
d) will watch

نكته
تركيب قرار گرفتن صفات در جمله
The / a / an
ازچپ به راست
اسم + جنس+ مليت + رنگ + اندازه + كيفيت

1) Which sentence is grammatically wrong?
a) Don’t look at the people sitting over there.
b) Our brain can keep a record of past events.
c) The cars that are sold here are very expensive.
d) The new Japanese blue car will become cheaper.
2) Which sentence is grammatically right?
a) The white large cotton shirt was very beautiful.
b) The large white cotton shirt was very beautiful.
c) The cotton white large shirt was very beautiful.
d) The beautiful cotton white shirt was very large.
3) A: “ Do you have a watch ?”
B: “ Yes , I have………….. .”
a) an old gold watch.
b) a gold old watch
c) an old watch gold
d) a watch gold old

نكته
جمله اسميه
Noun Clause
گاه يك جمله مي توانــد به جاي اسم درنقش مفعول قرارگيرد و نقش مفعول را درجمله بازي كندكه به آن جمله اسميه ميگوئيم.جمله اسميه را ميتوان با ضماير موصولي
- ...when - where - that
به جمله اصلي مرتبط كرد
جمله اسميه را هرگز با افعـال كمكي
..., did – does – do
سوالي نمي كنيم.

1) I don’t know what….for lunch yesterday.
a) did you eat
b) do you eat
c) you ate
d) you eat
2) A:“Do you know what she said?”
B: “No,I don’t know…….”
a) what did she say
b) what she says
c) what does she say
d) what she said
3) I really don’t know where…..the book I gave him.
a) was he left
b) he was left
c) has he left
d) he has left
4) “Where did he go ?”
“ I don’t know where…………”
a) he went
b) he goes
c) did he go
d) does he go

نكته
افعال ربطي
Linking verbs
افعال زير ربطي مي باشند و بعد از آنها صفت قرار مي گيرد
Look , sound , seem
به معني به نظر رسيدن
Feel
به معني احساس كردن
To be
به معني بودن
Taste
به معني مزه دادان
smell
به معني بودادن

1) Yesterday your brother was sad but today he seems………
a) happily
b) sad
c) happy
d) sadly
2) He has worked very hard all day long and now he feels very....
a) surprised
b) tired
c) angrily
d) sadly
3) I wouldn’t buy that guitar.
It sounds a bit……….
a) cheap
b) cheaply
c) expensively
d) costly
4) This tastes……. . what’s in it?
a) quietly
b) sadly
c) friendly
d) delicious

    

... how often / how long

نكته
How often
چند وقت به چندوقت
براي پرسش در مورد زمان بكار مي رود.

1) …do they go to the cinema ?
a) How many
b) How often
c) How old
d) whose
2) ……….. do you exercise?
a) How many
b) How often
c) How old
d) whose
3) …..do the buses run ?
a) How often
b) How long
c) How old
d) How many
4) …..does he write to you ?
a) How far
b) How much
c) How many
d) How long

نكته
چه مدت
How long
براي پـــرسش در مــورد
زمان بكار مي رود.

1) …….has he lived in Tehran?
a) How long
b) How much
c) How
d) How for
2) ….have you studied English?
a) How much
b) How many
c) How
d) How long
3) …….are the holdings?
a) How many
b) How much
c) How long
d) How
4)….have you been waiting here?
a) How much
b) How
c) How long
d) How many

نكته
چقدر
How much
با اسامي مفرد غيرقابل شمارش بكار مي رود.

1) ……tea is there in the glass?
a) How much
b) How many
c) How long
d) How
2) …….milk is there in the cup?
a) How many
b) How much
c) How long
d) How
3) …….money have you got?
a) How much
b) How many
c) How
d) How long
4) …….petrol do you need?
a) How many
b) How far
c) How long
d) How much

نكته
چند تا
How many
با اسامي جمع قابل شمارش بكار مي رود:

1).……….books are there on the table ?
a) How many
b) How much
c) How
d) How long
2)……….plates are there in the kitchen?
a) How much
b) How
c) How long
d) How many
3)………children have you got?
a) How long
b) How many
c) How much
d) How
4)………apples do you want? I want three.
a) How
b) How much
c) How many
d) How far

نكته
present progressive Tense
زمان حال استمراري
براي بيان عملي كه درزمان حال ادامه دارد از اين زمان استفاده مي كنيم. قيود زير معرف زمان حال استمراري هستند و عملي را بطور موقت نشان مي دهند.

 

1) Fariborz ……….football now.
a) was playing
b) is playing
c) had played
d) has played
2) Be quiet ! The baby…………..
a) sleeps
b) was sleeping
c) has slept
d) is sleeping
3) Don’t disturb him now he…...
a) was working
b) is working
c) worked
d) has worked
4) I …..….with Jack and John at the moment.
a) was living
b) lived
c) am living
d) have lived

... جملات مجهول / اسامي غير قابل شمارش

نكته
جملات مجهول
اگر فاعل جمله بصورت شيئي باشد در آخر جمله مجهول آنرا با يكي از حروف اضافه
With , in
مي نويسيم

1)The room was filled …. smoke.
a) by
b) with
c) at
d) on
2) The lock was covered… paint.
a) with
b) by
c) at
d) on
3) Pepper was contained .…the food.
a) with
b) in
c) at
d) by
4) The sea was polluted……..oil.
a) by
b) on
c) with
d) in

نكته
Money , Homework
يك اسم غيرقابل شمارش است وبايد با فعل
Tobe
مفرد بكاررو.د ولي دلار ، مارك ، ريال و.... قابل شمارش است

1)A lot of money… to be spent on repairs to the house.
a) is needed
b) need
c) are needed
d) has needed
2) How much homework… by the students?
a) are done
b) is done
c) is doing
d) are doing

3) How many dollars………….on educational programs?
a) should spend
b) spend
c) are spending
d) should be spent

يكي از چهار گزينه از نظر دستوري غلط است.
4)How much homework should do by the student?
1)much
2)homework
3)should do
4)by

نكته
ضماير انعكاسي - تاكيدي
ضماير انعكاسي عبارتند از :
My self---> our selves
Your self---> your selves
Him self , her self , it self ---> them selves

1)The house …..is beautiful, but the surroundings are rather unpleasant.
a) myself
b) itself
c) ourselves
d) himself
2)My mother told me,“Take care of … when you are climbing the mountain.”
a) myself
b) ourselves
c) yourselves
d) yourself
3) “Be careful and take care of….. when you are crossing the street”. my mother told us.
a) yourself
b) herself
c) your selves
d) myself
4) we protect………from the rain with an umbrella.
a) myself
b) ourselves
c) himself
d) herself

نكته

ضماير موصولي
Relative pronouns
Whose
ضمير موصولي اي مي باشد كه حالت مالكيت را بيان مي كند.

1) The children… painting won a prize were given ten pounds each.
a) who
b) that
c) what
d) whose
2)The writer….works are always admired by people all over the world is William Shakespeare.
a) whose
b) whom
c) which
d) who
3) Amin……....father works in this department store is in our class.
a) that
b) which
c) whose
d) whom
4) The man over there,…....name I don’t remember is an artist.
a) who
b) whose
c) whom
d) that

نكته

ضماير موصولي
Who
ضمير موصولي است كه مرجع آن شخصي است در حالت فاعلي

1) The writer….. has written this interesting story is very famous.
a) whose
b) whom
c) which
d) who
2) The mechanic..… is repairing the car is his friend.
a) whose
b) whom
c) who
d) which
3) I don’t like people….…….lose their tempers easily.
a) whom
b) who
c) whose
d) which
4) The man …….telephoned you lives in this house.
a) whose
b) whom
c) who
d) which

نكته
ضماير موصولي
Whom


مرجع آن شخصي است در حالت مفعولي

1)The boy… you were quarreling with is my cousin.
a) whose
b) whom
c) which
d) what
2) The lady …. I expected hasn’t come in yet.
a) whose
b) which
c) whom
d) what
3) The boy ………... I invited has blue eyes.
a) whose
b) which
c) where
d) whom
4) The man ……..they employed has blue eyes.
a) whose
b) whom
c) which
d) when

نكته
ضماير موصولي
مرجع
Which
شيئي ويا حيوان مي باشد هم در حالت فاعلي و هم در حالت مفعولي

 

1) The car……. was taking us to the airport broke down.
a) which
b) who
c) whose
d) whom
2)The ladder on... I was standing began to slip.
a) whose
b) where
c) which
d) that
3)The cars….were fixed yesterday are over there.
a) which
b) who
c) where
d) who me
4)The letter…..….he has written is in his room.
a) who
b) whom
c) which
d) whose

نكته
ضماير موصولي
اگر بعد از ضماير موصولي
Who , which , that
يك فعل
To be
قرار گرفته باشد در صورت حذف ضماير موصولي فعل
To be
بعد از آن هم بايد حذف شود.
Who are playing---> playing
Who was injured---> injured

1) The boys…..…football are my friends.
a) play
b) playing
c) plays
d) are playing
2)The man…in the accident was taken to hospital.
a) who injured
b) injured
c) whom injured
d) that injured
3)The picture…….yesterday is over there.
a) was drawing
b) drawn
c) were drawn
d) which was drawing

... no / any / ضماير ملکي

نكته
No , Any
No
در جملاتي بكار مي رود كه در آنها
Not , Never
وجود نداشته باشد
Any
در جملاتي بكار مي رود كه در آنها
Not , Never
وجود داشته باشد
توجه
بعد از
No , Any
هم اسم قابل شمارش جمع قرار مي گيرد وهم اسم غير قابل شمارش مفرد

1) There is …paper on the desk.
a) any
b) few
c) many
d)no
2) There aren’t…students in the classroom.
a) no
b) any
c) some
d) much
3) A: “Did anybody telephone me in the morning?
B: “No , ….telephoned you in the morning.”
a) everybody
b) somebody
c) any body
d) nobody
4)John wanted to buy a new car but he didn’t have …….money.
a) any
b) no
c) some
d) many

نكته
ضماير ملكي
possessive Adjective
ضماير ملكي عبارتند از
Mine---> ours
Yours---> yours
His , Hers , Its ---> theirs
اين ضماير در جمله جانشين اسم+صفت ملكي مي شود وبعد از ضماير ملكي اسم قرار نمي گيرد.

1) when you telephoned, I was talking to a friend of ….....
a ) I
b) myself
c) me
d) mine

2) My car is blue , but ..… is not.
a) your
b) yours
c) you
d) yourself
3) A: “ Are these your pens?”
B: “ No,…..are blue.”
a) our
b) us
c) we
d) ours
4) A:“Is this your brother’s umbrella?”
B: “ No,…..is on the table.”
a) my
b) mine
c) him
d) his

نكته
ضماير مفعولي
objective pronouns
بعد از فعل از ضماير مفعولي اشتفاده مي كنيم و عبارتند از
Me---> us
You---> us
Him , her , it ---> them

1) Mary and her sister are my best friends.I respect……..very much.
a) they
b) themselves
c) theirs
d) them
2) Our grandfather told John and..… an interesting story.
a) I
b) me
c) myself
d) mine
3)The man charged…five dollars.
a) I
b) mine
c) myself
d) me
4)He wished…..a pleasant journey.
a) we
b) us
c) our
d) ourselves

نكته
« كاربرد ضمير مفعولي بعد از حرف اضافه »
نكتــــه
بعد از حرف اضافه از ضمير مفعولي استفاده مي كنيم.

1)It is cold . Take your coat with yourself.
كدام گزينه از نظر دستوري اشتباه است
a) It
b) Take
c) with
d) yourself
2) I took my brother out with…. to do some shopping.
a) I
b) me
c) mine
d) myself
3) He doesn’t go near dogs because he is afraid………….
a) of they
b) to them
c) of them
d) them to
4) “What was the film like?” “It was amusing for………..to watch that film.”
a) I
b) me
c) my
d) mine

نكته
حرف تعريف معين
The
قبل از قسمتي از روز از حرف تعريف
The
استفاده مي كنيم.
In the morning , in the evening , in the afternoon
قبل از صفات كلكي و با روزهاي هفته حرف تعريف
The
استفاده نمي كنيم.
On monday

1) Our grandfather often says his prayers early in… morning.
a) a
b) an
c) ___
d) the
2) My mother will meet….…my English teacher on… Monday.
a) _ / _
b) the / the
c) _ / the
d) the / _
3) They arrived in Tehran in…… afternoon.
a) __
b) the
c) a
d) an
4) They haven’t seen each other since……..March.
a) the
b) a
c) ___
d) an

نكته
حرف تعريف
The
بــا اسامي اشخاص و كشورها و همچنين ماههــاي نمي‌آيد.theسال وفصول و روزهاي هفته حرف تعريف

1) They haven’t seen each other since …. March.
a) the
b) a
c) an
d) __
2) I have come to see……..Jack and his family.
a) a
b) __
c) the
d) an
3) They arrived in ……Tehran in the morning.
a) the
b) a
c) an
d) __
4) Which sentence is grammatically wrong ?
a) I didn’t listen to the news last night.
b) we get heat from the sun.
c)I have come here to see the Mary.
d) write this sentence on the blackboard.

نكته
ساختار صفت بعد از فعل
To be
به ساختار زير توجه كنيد

 

1) A: “What was the film like?” B: “It was boring to me to watch that film.
كدام گزينه از نظر دستوري غلط است.
a) was
b) like
c) to
d) to watch
2) Is it possible ……. to read a book in a dark room?
a) for he
b) to him
c) for him
d) to he
3) It is not difficult for a good student………..good marks.
a) get
b) to get
c) getting
d) got
4) Which sentence is grammatically right ?
a) It is easy for he to find a job.
b) It is important be on time.
c) It is necessary for him to stand in line.
d) It is safe to him swimming in this river.

نكته
زمان حال ساده
simple present Tense
زمان حال ساده براي بيان عملي است كه بصورت تكرار و يا عادت انجام مي شود. و وجود قيود تكرار ميتواند يكي از نشانه هاي اين زمان باشد :
…,usually , always , generally

1) How much ..….you generally pay for a pair of shoes?
a) do
b) does
c) was
d) were
2)we…ten new words everyday.
a) learns
b) learned
c) learn
d) to learn
3)He….to Washington once a week.
a) drives
b) driving
c) drove
d) driven
4) Water…………at 100 C
a) boil
b) is boiling
c) boils
d) to boil

نكته
زمان حال استمراري
Present continuous Tense
زمان حال استمراري براي بيان عملي است كه هم اكنون و در حال حاضر در حال انجام ميباشد. وجود قيود زماني
at this moment - at present- now
ميتواند نشانه اين زمان باشد.

1) At present they.….many new highways in Tehran.
a) build
b) built
c) are building
d) to build
2) He....pepper on his egg now.
a) puts
b) has put
c) put
d) is putting
3) I see that you..…….your new suit now.
a) wear
b) are wearing
c) wears
d) wore
4) The weather …..…better and better.
a) got
b) gets
c) is getting
d) get

نكته
«وجود كلمات هشدار دهنده درجمله حال استمراري»
اگر جملــه اي با يكي از كلمــات هشـدار دهنــــده
warning words
شروع شده باشد آن جمله را با حال استمراري مي نويسيم.
كلمات عبارتند از
Look! , be quiet! , listen! , becare ful!

1) Be quiet ! The baby ……….
a) is sleeping
b) sleeps
c) had slept
d) sleep
2) Look ! The man……..after the tram.
a) runs
b) has run
c) run
d) is running
3) Look ! The cat……….to climb that tall tree.
a) try
b) tries
c) is trying
d) to try
4) Listen! Some one………at the door.
a) is knocking
b) knock
c) knocks
d) to knock

نكته
ماضي نقلي
Present perfect Tense
اين زمــان براي بيان عملي است كه در وقت نامشخص در گذشته آغاز شده است. و اثر آن تا زمان حال باقيست.

1) He is tired because he……… football all afternoon.
a) have played
b) has played
c) had played
d) played
2) John is unhappy because he ..… his money.
a) lost
b) have lost
c) has lost
d) lose
3) She …..here since 1948.
a) worked
b) have worked
c) has worked
d) was working
4) I ………in Greece since 1976.
a) have lived
b) lived
c) has lived
d) was living

نكته
وجود قيود زماني در ماضي نقلي
Several times , yet , so far , up to now

1) I ……to him about it several times.
a) have spoken
b) am speaking
c) speak
d) spoke
2) She ……...English for 8 years.
a) studied
b) have studied
c) has studied
d) studying
3) we ………..17 lessons so far.
a) have learned
b) has learned
c) learned
d) were learning
4) Majid………………yet.
a) didn’t come
b) haven’t come
c) hasn’t come
d) wasn’t coming

... اسم مصدر / suggest / except

نكته
اسم مصدر
Gerund
بعد از حروف اضافه ، فعل با
Ing
يا اسم مصدر قرار مي گيرد.

1) A: “Are you still interested in…… an article about the environment?”
B:“Of course.And I’ve got an idea.”
a)writing
b) to write
c) writes
d) wrote
2) John said that he had studied English before……. the class.
a) attend
b) attending
c) to attend
c) attended
3) I prefer riding to ………..
a) walk
b) walked
c) walks
d) walking
4) I’m not used to.…...in London.
a) driving
b) drive
c) drove
d) drives

نكته
بعد از
suggest
فعل با Ing
قرار مي گيرد.

1) My uncle suggested…. a job in a bank
a) get
b) to get
c) gets
d) getting
2) It was a lovely day. So I suggested…. to the park.
a) go
b) going
c) to go
d) gone
3) He suggested…...the children to the zoo.
a) taking
b) to take
c) take
d) took
4) My mother suggested……..to the mountains.
a) go
b) going
c) to go
d) goes

نكته
Except
زمانيكه
Except
با يك فعل همراه مي شود معمولا فعل را بدون
To
بكار مي بريم.

1) She did nothing except…….. the whole time she was here.
a) complain
b) complaining
c) to complain
d) complained
2) I couldn’t do anything except just……… there and hope.
a) sitting
b) to sit
c) sat
d) sit
3) She did nothing except………
a) cry
b) crying
c) to cry
d) cried
4) The child does nothing except ……….T.V.
a) to watch
b) watching
c) watch
d) watched

نكته
Ago
Ago
هميشه با زمان گذشته بكار مي رود

1) I ……… him three days ago.
a ) saw
b) have seen
c) would see
d) had seen
2) That hotel…. many years ago.
a) closed
b) has closed
c) had closed
d) was closed
3) I …….school three years ago.
a) left
b) have left
c) was left
d) would left
4) I ……….working for this film three years ago.
a) start
b) starting
c) started
d) have started

نكته
Want
بعد از Want
از فعل با
to
استفاده مي شود.

1) Do you want me….you some coffee?
a) make
b) made
c) to make
d) makes?
2) I don’t want that man….here again?
a) to come
b) come
c) came
c) comes
3) We’re going to the cinema . Do you want …… with us?
a) coming
b) come
c) to come
c) comes
4) She wants…….…..to Italy.
a) to go
b) going
c) goes
c) went

نكته
ارزش داشتن
To be worth بعد از
To be worth
فعل با Ing
قرار مي گيرد.

1) It isn’t worth…….…the car.
a) repair
b) repairing
c) to repair
d) repaired
2) It is not worth...angry with her.
a) getting
b) to get
c) got
d) gets
3) It is worth ……the film twice.
a) watching
b) watch
c) to watch
d) watches
4) It’s not worth…..…….upset.
a) get
b) to get
c) gets
d) getting

نكته
infinitive after adjective
بعد از بسياري از صفات فعل با to قرار مي گيرد

1) I was very pleased …...….you yesterday.
a) see
b) seen
c) saw
d) to see
2) She was upset……… that her sister was ill.
a) to hear
b) hear
c) hears
d) heard
3) It is very nice ……. You .
a) see
b) to see
c) sees
d) saw
4) Relativity theory isn’t easy….
a) to understand
b) understand
c) understanding
d)understood

نكته
Last week , last yesterday
در نقل قول غير مستقيم گذشته به
The pervious week , the pervious day , the week before
تبديل مي شود

1) He said that he had gone there…. with his brother.
a) last week
b) next week
c) the previous week
d) the week after
2) What did he say to his wife when he got home?
He told her that he ….. hard at3 the office the week before.
a) worked
b) had worked
c) has worked
d) has been working
3) Ali asked Hamid if he had gone to the cinema with his father………
a) last week
b) next week
c) the previous week
d) the following week.
4) I asked my friend, “Where did you meet him yesterday.” I asked my friend where he had met him ….
a) yesterday
b) the day before
c) the following day
d) the day after

نكته
Remind , ask
بعد از
Remind , ask
ابتدا مفعول سپس فعل با
To
قرار مي گيرد.

1) Mr.Smith said,“Would you like to come to our house for dinner?” Mr.Smith…us to go to their house for dinner.
a) ordered
b) advised
c) reminded
c) invited
2) we asked him..…. back the money as soon as possible .
a) pay
b) pays
c) don’t pay
d) to pay
3) John to Mary : “Don’t forget to post the letter.” John reminded Mary …… the letter .
a) to post
b) not to post
c) posting
d) don’t post
4)The teacher asked David……. English in class.
a) speak
b) to speak
c) speaking
d) spoke

نكته
جمله وصفي غير همزماني
فاعل مطابق با جمله اول + گذشته فعل
+having PP….

1) A:“Did you buy anything else?”
B: “ No ,………….”
a) spending all my money, I couldn’t buy anything else.
b) having spent all my money, my mother couldn’t buy anything else.
c) having spent all my money, I couldn’t buy anything else.
d) to spend all my money, I couldn’t buy anything else.
2) I told the doctor,…...from the height, I felt a sharp pain in my left shoulder.
a) Fall
b) Fell
c) Having fallen
d) Falls
3) A:“Did John do his homework?”
B: “Yes,…….all his homework,
he handed it in to the teacher.
a) doing
b) having done
c) does
d) did
4) ………..the car, the mechanic took it out for a road test.
a) To repair
b) Repairs
c) Repairing
d) Having repaired

نكته
Rob , steal
مفعول فعل
Steal
چيزي است كه دزديده شده است steal مفعول فعل وآن چيــزي متعلــق به انسان نيست اما مفعول فعــل
Rob
شخص يا مكاني است كه چيزها ازآنجا ربـــوده مي شوند.

1) They..…five thousand pounds from the bank.
a) stole
b) rabbed
c) rubbed
d) stored
2) Officer! My dog’s been…….!
a) robbed
b) stolen
c) pulled
d) shaken
3) They.…the bank,and got away with five thousand pounds.
a) stole
b) rubbed
c) pulled
d) robbed
4) Officer ! I’ve been ……….!
a) stolen
b) shaken
c) robbed
d) pulled

    

... modifier / سببي مجهول

نكته
در سببي مجهول فاعل و كننده كار وجود ندارد.

 

1) A :“What are those workmen doing in your garden ?”
B: “ Oh , we ……………”
a) are getting a swimming pool to build
b) are having a swimming pool build.
c) are having a swimming pool built
d) are getting a man build a swimming pool.
2) I lost my key. I’ll have to ……
a) have another key make.
b) have another key made
c) made another key.
d) get another key to make.
3) My brother has got a bad toothache, so he wants………. it pulled out
a) get
b) to get
c) got
d) gets
4) Tomorrow will be Mary’s birthday, so she is going to have the cake…………..
a) made
b) make
c) to make
d) making

نكته

اين ساختار بيانگر آن است كه كاري در زمان گذشته بهتر و صحيح تر بوده كه انجام ميشده اما انجام نشده است.

1) John’s grandfather was upset. John had promised to call him, but he didn’t. He ……have called him.
a) might not
b) should
c) could
d) must
2) A:“We weren’t sure which way to go. In the end we turned right.”
B:“You went the wrong way. You…………left .”
a) might have turned
b) must have turned
c) could have turned
d) should have turned

3) Mary was late for the exam. She …….earlier in the morning.
a) should get up
b) should have gotten up
c) can get up
d) shouldn’t have gotten up
4) A: “My brother didn’t lock the door of the house when he went out.”
B: “ He…………..the door.”
a) should lock
b) should have locked
c) shouldn’t have locked
d) might have locked

نكته
Modifier
توصيف كننده
هرگاه دو اسم بدنبال هم قرار گيرند، اولين اسم نقش صفت را ايفا ميكند يعني اسم بعـــد از خود را توصيف ميكنند.وهمانندصفت هرگزجمع بسته نميشود.

1) The gate of a garden is called……………
a) gate garden
b) garden’s gate
c) garden gate
d) gate’s garden
2) Can you pass over a ………?
a) bridge stone
b) stone bridge
c) bridges stone
d) stones bridges
3) People who sell house are called …………
a) agents house
b) houses agents
c) house agent
d) house agents
4) What do we call a brush for teeth? We called it……….
a) a brush tooth
c) a teeth brush
b) a tooth brush
d) a brush teeth

نكته

 

1) I hate being laughed. a) at
b) in
c) on
d) of
2) If you don’t listen…….people they won’t listen……..you.
a) to……to
b) at……at
c) in ……..in
d) on..…on
3) Stop looking…..me like that :
a) in
b) on
c) at
d) after
4) Thanks for looking ….. me when I was ill .
a) In
b) on
c) at
d) after

نكته
بعد از افعال زير دومين فعل را با
To
…invite- order-try-decide-promise-want

1) Do you want to go with us?
No , I decided…… at home.
a) stay
b) to stay
c) staying
d) stayed
2) They promised……….before eight o’clock.
a) come
b) coming
c) came
d) to come
3) I’ve been invited……….a talk at the conference.
a) give
b) giving
c) gave
d) to give
4) Don’t try..….across the river.
a) to swim
b) swim
c) swimming
d) swam

نكته

به معني در شرف و در صدد مي باشد.

1) Don’t go out now - we’re about to ……….lunch.
a) having
b) have
c) had
d) have had
2) I was about ……to bed when there was a knock at the door.
a) to go
b) going
c) go
d) to have gone
3) we’re about to ……….
a) start
b) starting
c) to have started
d) started
4) I’m not about to ……defeat.
a) admit
b) admitting
c) admitted
d) admits

نكته
There for
بنابراين
براي نشان دادن نتيجه بكار مي رود، و يك ربط دهنده محسوب مي شود.

1) It always warm in Abadan,…. there is never snow there.
a) therefore
b) but
c) however
d) because of
2) She was tired yesterday,….. , she couldn’t do her homework.
a) but
b) yet
c) because of
d) therefore
3) She was ……unable to avoid an unwelcome marriage.
a) therefore
b) but
c) yet
d) because
4) She was happy yesterday,…. she went to the park.
a) but
b) because
c) therefore
d) yet

    

... causative form / can't help

نكته
Causative form
وجه سببي
وجه سببي طبق فرمول زير تشكيل ميشود:

 

1) I have my car………….
a) fix
b) to fix
c) fixed
d) fixing
2) I had my refrigerator……….
a) repair
b) repairing
c) to repair
d) repaired
3) I must get my hair……….
a) cut
b) cutting
c) to cut
d) cuts
4) You ought to get your watch………
a) repair
b) repairing
c) repaired
d) to repair

نكته
Can’t help
Can’t help
به معني
Can’t stop
يا
Can’t avoid
مي باشد و بعد از آن فعل با
Ing
بكار مي رود

1) I can’t help …………
a) to play
b) play
c) played
d) playing
2) I can’t help…………there.
a) go
b) going
c) to go
d) went
3) She’s a very selfish woman, but somehow you can’t help……her.
a) liking
b) to like
c) like
d) liked
4) Excuse me . I couldn’t help…… what you said.
a) over hear
b) over hearing
c) over heard
d) to over hear

نكته
Consider
در نظر گرفتن
بعد از
Consider
فعل با
Ing
بكار مي رود

1) will you consider.…me with my work?
a) help
b) helped
c) helping
d) to help
2) I considered ……… English.
a) to learn
b) learning
c) learn
d) learned
3) We are considering…….….to Canada.
a) going
b) go
c) to go
d) went
4) They are considering……….. to ski.
a) go
b) went
c) going
d) gone

نكته
Whenever
به معني هروقت كه و هرگاه مي باشد

1) I go swimming….the weather is nice.
a) whenever
b) because of
c) unless
d) but
2) I read …….. I have time.
a) where
b) who
c) whom
d) whenever
3) I’ll discuss it with you ……… you like.
a) where
b) who
c) when ever
d) whom
4) ……..she comes, she brings a friend.
a) what
b) where
c) when ever
d) whom

نكته
اگر
I wish
در زمان آينده بكاررود فرم جمله بصورت زير است

 

1) I wish I …. him tomorrow
a) see
b) saw
c) would see
d) seeing
2) I wish I ……….to the cinema tomorrow.
a) go
b) went
c) going
d) would go
3) I wish there …….…..a party tomorrow.
a) would be
b) will be
c) be
d) is
4) I wish you ……... for a very long time.
a) will live
b) would live
c) live
d) have lived

... how often / how long

نكته
How often
چند وقت به چندوقت
براي پرسش در مورد زمان بكار مي رود.

1) …do they go to the cinema ?
a) How many
b) How often
c) How old
d) whose
2) ……….. do you exercise?
a) How many
b) How often
c) How old
d) whose
3) …..do the buses run ?
a) How often
b) How long
c) How old
d) How many
4) …..does he write to you ?
a) How far
b) How much
c) How many
d) How long

نكته
چه مدت
How long
براي پـــرسش در مــورد
زمان بكار مي رود.

1) …….has he lived in Tehran?
a) How long
b) How much
c) How
d) How for
2) ….have you studied English?
a) How much
b) How many
c) How
d) How long
3) …….are the holdings?
a) How many
b) How much
c) How long
d) How
4)….have you been waiting here?
a) How much
b) How
c) How long
d) How many

نكته
چقدر
How much
با اسامي مفرد غيرقابل شمارش بكار مي رود.

1) ……tea is there in the glass?
a) How much
b) How many
c) How long
d) How
2) …….milk is there in the cup?
a) How many
b) How much
c) How long
d) How
3) …….money have you got?
a) How much
b) How many
c) How
d) How long
4) …….petrol do you need?
a) How many
b) How far
c) How long
d) How much

نكته
چند تا
How many
با اسامي جمع قابل شمارش بكار مي رود:

1).……….books are there on the table ?
a) How many
b) How much
c) How
d) How long
2)……….plates are there in the kitchen?
a) How much
b) How
c) How long
d) How many
3)………children have you got?
a) How long
b) How many
c) How much
d) How
4)………apples do you want? I want three.
a) How
b) How much
c) How many
d) How far

نكته
present progressive Tense
زمان حال استمراري
براي بيان عملي كه درزمان حال ادامه دارد از اين زمان استفاده مي كنيم. قيود زير معرف زمان حال استمراري هستند و عملي را بطور موقت نشان مي دهند.

 

1) Fariborz ……….football now.
a) was playing
b) is playing
c) had played
d) has played
2) Be quiet ! The baby…………..
a) sleeps
b) was sleeping
c) has slept
d) is sleeping
3) Don’t disturb him now he…...
a) was working
b) is working
c) worked
d) has worked
4) I …..….with Jack and John at the moment.
a) was living
b) lived
c) am living
d) have lived

 

 

 

 

 

التماس دعا